All three feel like costs of earning a living, because they are, and all three are generally not deductible. One piece of reasoning explains every one of them.
The four year degree is treated as the safe choice and the thing to do while undecided. It is a large commitment and it deserves to be chosen rather than defaulted into.
A big customer's contract is written to protect the big customer, which is normal. Most of it is negotiable, and knowing which parts to push on is the whole skill.
The protection is real, considerably narrower than most owners assume, and easier to lose than anybody expects. The rest of the decision is bookkeeping and habits.
A memorial passes through a quarry, an engraving shop, a cemetery grounds crew and a foundation setter. Knowing what each one controls tells you which choices are truly final.